False Catholic Beliefs Essay Example for Free

False Catholic Beliefs Essay The two authors namely Gross and Blackbourn made an account about German Catholicism in the 18th Century. Their works: â€Å"The Strange Case of the Nun in the Dungeon and Apparitions of the Virgin Mary in Bismarckian Germany†, respectively are expositions of how the noblest human acts and beliefs can be turned into atrocities and monstrous behaviors if that self giving is overshadowed with power or other ulterior motives. Freedom of Religion is man’s greatest endeavor to fulfill his end. However, if the means to achieve the end becomes evil it no longer serves man’s purpose but becomes destruction to man’s life and being. In the case of the nun Barbara, it is so unlikely that someone needs to be locked up for 21 years simply because that woman can not live her state in life. The vocation to celibacy is a free gift and not given to all. In fact, the best place for a woman is still in the home. Is the nun in the dungeon really insane or just maltreated? What is the real reason why she was in the nunnery? Again, in those questions it is no longer a reason if she is a madwoman but her lack of freedom and those people around her who were influenced by evil or may used coercion as force needed to be looked in depth. What made this people think that way, and what kind of a leader or a superior does her congregation have? Was it is because her time was during the Dark Ages in Christianity where people are kind of confused? Could it be also a time in the history of mankind that the female gender is not absolutely understood? On the accounts given by the authors especially that of Blackbourn, when he tried to gather information of the German Madonna, he pointed out on the common beliefs of that time and was able to conclude that the apparitions is not real. This is another lesson to bear in mind that popular beliefs are not always the bearer of truth. Human at the same time is so fallible, that if guided by a blind guide can be trapped into a pit. The two authors have manifested in their works that man to be rational must be free and knowledgeable of the truth. References Gross, Michael B. (2000), The Strange Case of the Nun in the Dungeon : German Studies Review [Electronic Version]. Retrieved 22 February 2008 from, thttp://links. jstor. org/sici? sici=0149-7952%28200002%2923%3A1%3C69%3ATSCOTN%3E2. 0. CO%3B2-N Blackbourn, David, Apparitions of the Virgin Mary in Bismarckian Germany

Alternatives to Conventional Internal Combustion :: Expository Essays Research Papers

Alternatives to Conventional Internal Combustion Congress created the Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies (EHV) Program in 1992 for reasons of national defense. The specific purpose of the program was to solve the issues of performance, stealth, and fuel efficiency demanded by the military. The EHV program was managed by the Department of Defense and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), as a side note DARPA developed the F-117 Stealth Fighter during the mid to late 1970’s and early 1980’s. DARPA and the Department of Defense created a consortium with 150 companies that were involved in 300 projects with a total investment of 250 million from 1993-1998 with half the funding provided by non-federal partners. They focused and developed on these areas of research â€Å"hybrid electric transmissions, auxiliary power units and motors, advanced battery and charger systems and controllers, flywheels to augment or replace batteries, and advanced materials to reduce vehicle weight (http://scitech. dot.gov/partners/nextsur/avp/avp.html)† The Advanced Vehicles Technologies Program represents the civilian version of the military EHV Program. EHV became AVP in 1999. The AVP budget was 50 million annually from 1999 to 2003. USCar, also began in 1992, it is a program made up by DaimlerChrsyler, Ford and General Motors â€Å"to further strengthen the technology base of the domestic auto industry through cooperative, pre-competitive research (http://www.uscar.org/)† and from this project came a new program called FreedomCar, which is a joint venture with the USCar members and the Department of Energy. The ultimate goal of FreedomCar is to make hydrogen and fuel cell based transportation system. This is the long-term goal, which will take some time to be realized. The project is also looking at advanced internal combustion engines, emissions control for diesel engines, light weight materials, hybrid electric vehicle systems, advanced batteries and alternative fuels (http://www.eere.energy.gov/vehiclesandfuels/program_areas/freedomcar/index.shtml). The transportation sector obtains 95% of its fuel from petroleum and this sector accounts for 67% of American’s total petroleum use. The United States imports roughly 10 million barrels of oil per day (http://www.eere.energy.gov/vehiclesandfuels/program_areas/freedomcar/index.shtml). The dependence on imported oil could potentially threaten the energy security of the U.S. Roughly 55 percent of oil we consume is imported and this is expected to go up to 65 percent by 2025.

Newton’s Preface to Principia Mathematica

The preface of Sir Isaac Newton to Principia Mathmetica is an introduction of the book—its origin, its contents, a brief explanation of what is inside, and how the book got published. Newton explains the difference between mechanics and geometry and their relationship in the first part. On the latter part, he explains how postulations on the first part of the book may lead to calculations on the movement of celestial bodies. Finally, Newton thanks the sponsor of the book at the end. Mechanics, Philosophy, and Geometry are words that are mentioned in frequency in the opening parts of the preface. Mechanics today would be thought of something related to machines, but back in Newton’s day, it is possibly the old name of Physics because the word â€Å"Physics† is not mentioned anywhere in the preface, and the way he describes mechanics is very much like how we see Physics today. Geometry, on the other hand, is pretty much the same way as we use it today as it was in Newton’s time, as it pertains to the study of different shapes and their measurement. Lastly, Philosophy then was seen as more related to science, whereas today, people would not really think of science when they first hear the word â€Å"philosophy,† or at least the common person would not. The preface is divided into three parts—information about the first two books of Principia Mathematica, the third book, and then the thank you message with a disclaimer. In the first part, Newton explains the difference between geometry and mechanics and their relationship with each other. Though there are differences, Newton states that geometry is part of mechanics and concludes that geometry is founded in mechanical as part of universal mechanics. By using geometry and mechanics, Newton aims to find out more about natural forces and explain their phenomena. The second part is about the third book. Newton states that by using the information gathered in studying geometry and mechanics, he says that movement of celestial bodies can be calculated (which is based on an already existing Kepler’s law). The third part is where Newton mentions the man who made the publication of the book possible, and that man is Mr. Edmund Halley (who was famous for calculating the return of the comet now credited to his name). Newton thanks Halley for being such a major influence in the publication of Principia Mathematica and an unfinished book about celestial movement. Finally, after crediting Halley for his efforts and influence, Newton moves on to a sort of disclaimer in the en d, saying that he has put off the publication of the prospective book about celestial movement, and that delay may have caused imperfections in the current publication. As far as writing style is concerned, hints of Newton being a scientist is quite evident. Newton attempts to keep his preface as brief and concise as possible, but there are segments in the preface where he could not let go of the urge to explain more and give more examples. To illustrate, consider as an example the latter part where he starts his â€Å"disclaimer† about not being able to publish a book and the defects found in the current book. Other than that, everything else seems very well written, especially how he alludes to the past (by mentioning ancient times) and moving to the present. It gives a sense of chronological order to his preface.

The Territorial Dispute Of China - 3159 Words

We must first ask ourselves what is the territorial dispute, that we have today and why is it important to understand this dispute and learn about it, as political analysts we must learn to look at the broader picture that is given to us, and take a look at all aspects before formulating a contingency plan to avoid any unnecessary military actions or starting a war. Referring to the map we see what China claims as their territory, we see the area defined by the dashed lines, which stretches hundreds of miles all the way south and east from Chinas most southern province of Hainan. Now China claims that this territory it claims comes from 2000 years of history where the small islands of Paracels and Spratlys have been regarded as an integral part of China. That is because China has a strong sense of irredentism towards the South China Sea. Irredentism is any movement to reclaim a land that was once theirs, by justifying that the land or territory they want to reclaim has always been theirs and it is only right to have it back citing either real or imagined historic events or tying it with an ethnic affiliation. Today the South China Sea has become more and more of a global issue, with the U.S navy presence the increasing demands of natural resources is also a key factor as to why a country such as China wants to claim the South China Sea. China de pends heavenly on gas and oil, and the notion of unclaimed land and resources in the South China Sea is too great of deal toShow MoreRelatedTerritorial Disputes Within The South China Sea1404 Words   |  6 PagesCountry: Netherlands Name: Michael Zuker and Max Myszkowski Committee: United Nations General Assembly Topic: Territorial Disputes in the South China Sea Background Following the cessation of the Cold War, a massive territorial dispute erupted over two island chains in the South China Sea (SCS), the Paracels and the Spratleys. Those nations disputing their rightful ownership include China, Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines, Brunei, and Taiwan. The source of the conflict in this area stems from theRead MoreCompeting Claims. The Disputes In The Scs Have Evolved1709 Words   |  7 PagesCompeting Claims The disputes in the SCS have evolved over decades and engage multiple regional states that have territorial claims in the South China Sea including China, Vietnam, the Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia, and Taiwan. While not located directly in the region the United States, Australia, Japan, and India all hold economic, territorial, and security concerns over the disputes. Specifically, the United States has been involved in the territorial disputes to uphold maritime security laws andRead MoreA Short Note On Senkaku Islands Dispute : The Confrontation Among China, Us And Japan1429 Words   |  6 PagesDiaoyu/Senkaku Islands Dispute: The Confrontation among China, US and Japan Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands Dispute is defined as a territorial dispute over a group of islands in East China Sea called Senkaku (Japan), Diaoyu (China) or Tiaoyutai (Taiwan). The dispute has been a main focus of Sino-Japanese political and military conflicts for a long time. Meanwhile, in order to strengthen its dominance in the Asia-Pacific area, the US government aligned with Japan to contain China’s power, making the issueRead MoreThe Sino Philippine South China Sea Conflict1499 Words   |  6 Pages2015 The Sino-Philippine South China Sea Conflict Introduction In addressing a long-time conflict, the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague ruled on 29 October 2015 that it will be holding hearings over a South China Sea territorial dispute filed by the Philippines against the People’s Republic of China. The South China Sea has been a region of large dispute over both unresolved island and maritime claims by the People’s Republic of China, Republic of China (Taiwan), Brunei, Malaysia, VietnamRead MoreChinas Expansion Into The South China Sea Case Study1351 Words   |  6 PagesAround the year 2015 China has started building artificial islands on disputed territory in the South China Sea for the purpose of resource mining, installment of surveillance and defensive infrastructures. Countries in the South China Sea that lay economic and territorial claims such as the Philippines, Malaysia, and Japan have expressed security concerns regarding China’s aggressive expansion unto territories such as the Spratyl Islands and Rubi Reef as China had increased security and surveillanceRead MoreThe Dispute Between China And The Philippines Essay1551 Words   |  7 PagesThe Dispute between China and the Philippines over the South China Sea The territorial and maritime disputes over the South China Sea (SCS) have been ongoing for decades. The disputes have been considered to be one the fiercest-contested in Asia. The South China Sea is an enclosed sea surrounded by several different states. China, the Philippines, Vietnam, Brunei, Taiwan, and Malaysia all surrounded the South China Sea. The main cause of tension in this dispute is because China claims to have â€Å"historicalRead MoreThe Issue Of The Island Territories Within The South China Sea And The Subsequent Buildup Of Naval Forces1347 Words   |  6 PagesSouth China Sea and the Subsequent Buildup of Naval Forces The territorial disputes in the South China Sea have been a minor ongoing issue with multiple sovereign states, most notably Brunei, the Peoples Republic of China, the Republic of China, Malaysia, the Philippines and Vietnam, claiming overlapping territory in the Spratly Islands, Paracel Islands and the area around the Gulf of Tonkin. The overlapping claims began in 1876 with China’s earliest documented claim to the islands (â€Å"Territorial DisputesRead MoreThe Southern China Sea Dispute1558 Words   |  7 PagesCommittee: 6th Legal Topic: South China Sea Disputre Country: Nigeria BACKGROUND The Southern China Sea dispute is essentially a contest between China and Vietnam, Philippine, Malaysia and several other Southeast Asian nations over territorial control in the South China Sea, which includes some of the most strategically important maritime territory on earth. China claimed the sovereignty of territory by far the largest portion of territory - an area defined by the nine-dash line which stretchesRead MoreThe Spratly Islands Dispute991 Words   |  4 PagesSwaine’s article makes the point to ask whether man-made features should be allowed territorial integrity, but doesn’t answer the question. His solutions to the Spratly Islands dispute all assume that China will be able to claim EEZs and territorial waters around Mischief Reef and its man-made â€Å"features.† However, what these features are, exactly, can’t be overlooked when examining this issue. China began by dredging and dumping sand on a small portion of the slightly submerged r eefs and, over theRead MoreCountering the People’s Republic of China740 Words   |  3 PagesDECISION PAPER Subject: Countering the People’s Republic of China’s (PRC) aggressive influence within the South China Seas (SCS) 1. Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to propose a course of action to counter the PRC’s aggressive influence within the SCS specifically regarding the ongoing territorial disputes. 2. Key Points. a. Ongoing territorial disputes between the PRC and other SCS states demonstrate a resurgence of aggressive PRC influence that threatens regional stability and security